1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance | 
|  | | | Title: | 1434: The Year a Magnificent Chinese Fleet Sailed to Italy and Ignited the Renaissance | | Author: | Gavin Menzies | | Publisher: | William Morrow | | Type: | Book / Hardcover | | Publication Date: | 01 June, 2008 | | ISBN / ISBN-13: | 0061492175 / 9780061492174 | | List Price: | $26.95 | | You Save: | $9.16 | | Amazon Price: | $17.79 | |
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Product Description
The New York Times bestselling author of 1421 offers another stunning reappraisal of history, presenting compelling new evidence that traces the roots of the European Renaissance to Chinese exploration in the fifteenth century The brilliance of the Renaissance laid the foundation of the modern world. Textbooks tell us that it came about as a result of a rediscovery of the ideas and ideals of classical Greece and Rome. But now bestselling historian Gavin Menzies makes the startling argument that in the year 1434, China—then the world's most technologically advanced civilization—provided the spark that set the European Renaissance ablaze. From that date onward, Europeans embraced Chinese intellectual ideas, discoveries, and inventions, all of which form the basis of western civilization today. Florence and Venice of the early fifteenth century were hubs of world trade, attracting traders from across the globe. Based on years of research, this marvelous history argues that a Chinese fleet—official ambassadors of the emperor—arrived in Tuscany in 1434, where they were received by Pope Eugenius IV in Florence. The delegation presented the influential pope with a wealth of Chinese learning from a diverse range of fields: art, geography (including world maps that were passed on to Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan), astronomy, mathematics, printing, architecture, steel manufacturing, military weaponry, and more. This vast treasure trove of knowledge spread across Europe, igniting the legendary inventiveness of the Renaissance, including the work of such geniuses as da Vinci, Copernicus, Galileo, and more. In 1434, Gavin Menzies combines this long-overdue historical reexamination with the excitement of an investigative adventure. He brings the reader aboard the remarkable Chinese fleet as it sails from China to Cairo and Florence, and then back across the world. Erudite and brilliantly reasoned, 1434 will change the way we see ourselves, our history, and our world.
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Customer Reviews:
• Fun But Without Evidence 07 August, 2008
This is, like 1421: The Year China Discovered America (P.S.), a well written fun account of a story that will leave many interested to learn more. It poses a radical hypothesis. But like all things, extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence and in this case there are almost no shreds of evidence to back any of this up. Thus one is left with a sort of Da vinci code type chase through the sources where alluding to ideas and facts is more important than the facts themselves. For these reasons this eminent author leaves the reader spell bound but to call this history is to stretch things a bit.
In the end, if it makes people more interested in the famous voyages of exploration launched by the Chinese, than it was worth it.
Seth J. Frantzman
- Reviewed by customer ID: A2Z4KA3EFQWZOX
• Menzies Tops His First Book 22 August, 2008
Menzies returns to face his critics with a sequel better than the original. He builds on is first book by uncovering the history of contacts between China and Europe. Most of this, to some extent, are known facts. But now Menzies solidifies where Europe found maps of the New World and that Chinese contacts were, up to this point, an unconsidered factor in the Renaissance. One of his strongest evidences is finding the Chinese sources that have the same inventions that da Vinci and others would later become famous for publishing. No longer a lone voice, Menzies' first book, and now this one, have unleashed a flood of researchers on Chinese exploration, a subject formally looked down upon.
- Reviewed by customer ID: A27G3XOXB02R1C
• Dangerous Revisionist Tripe 25 August, 2008
I'm glad I borrowed this book instead of buying it. I wouldn't want to contribute in any way to the enrichment of this crook. As other reviewers have pointed out, a review of the original Chinese sources themselves shows that they lend no support to the author's premise at all. Most of this, the author has simply made up. What wasn't made up consists of carefully selected facts presented in a very misleading light.
This is propaganda of a caliber that would have made the Nazis proud. I might even be tempted to laugh, but for the truth that many people will take this "book" at face value. Due to the current PC mind virus which states that it's wrong to question any anti-western fantasy that comes along, many historians who know the truth will be hesitant to argue otherwise. This reminds me of Bernal's "Black Athena" and other afrocentrist silliness which was heavily propagated in the 80's and 90's. Most serious historians, archaeologists, and linguists were scared to death that if they pointed out how absurd some of these claims were, they would be labeled as "Racist," ruining their academic careers or worse. Such is the situation now with China and Islam. Oh well...
Just to be clear, I have the highest regard for Chinese civilization, its history, and its current potential (in fact, I have quite a bit of my stock portfolio betting on Chinese civilization to thrive). China has made many important contributions through history. It's just a shame that books such as this have to cheapen it. This charade of a book is deeply disrespectful of the great minds of both China and Europe, and the REAL things they accomplished.
- Reviewed by customer ID: AEQJNGZWYVLIW
• Poor Writing Devalues Assertions 07 August, 2008
In principle, I am very sympathetic to Mr. Menzies. I found his previous book, 1421, about the treasure fleets and their exploration of the world to be very compelling. If not an open and shut case, he provided a lot of good evidence to support his claims. The idea that Chinese maps of the world played a part in getting Western sailors to start exploring seems quite likely. In this book, he expands his claims for the Chinese, trying to find a link between Chinese fleets and the beginning of the Renaissance. Here, he stumbles a bit.
Leaving aside for a moment the validity of the claims he makes, there is a major problem with this book: it's simply not very well written. Menzies didn't show himself to be a particularly strong writer with his last book but it was easy to look past his weaknesses because that book was focused, well-argued, and entertaining in its controversiality. In this book, all of Menzies' weaknesses come to the fore.
First of all, this book stinks with Menzies' desperation to be believed. There was some of this in 1421 but it's worse here. If I'm not convinced by everything he asserts, I think he puts forth ideas worth investigating. But it's hard to follow him through the growing undercurrent of persecution. Second, he wanders all over the place here. He revises and rehashes some of the arguments he made in 1421. He finds Chinese links to the development of Western astronomy, mathematics, printing, firearms, steel and the work of famous names like Copernicus and Da Vinci. But, third, his supporting materials this time around do not have the impact of the maps and artifacts from his last book. (I, for one, see very little similarity between the Chinese drawings he shows and the Renaissance drawings.) Finally, and most irritating to me anyway, he constantly refers the reader to his website. I don't want a book that's a companion piece to a website. I want a well-argued case in the text.
Of course, we must then come to the claims he makes about the Chinese influence on the discoveries of the Renaissance. Ultimately, I came away feeling he tried to claim too much for the Chinese, which is too bad because it undermines the fact that the Chinese did have a long history of discovery (see Joseph Needham's work) and they certainly did have an influence on Western thought. However, by the thirteenth century, well before the dates Menzies is discussing here, Western Europe was awaking to the influence of the ancient Greeks and Romans and the Arabic/Islamic world as well as the East, via the Silk Road and other avenues of trade and travel. To find a direct causal link between the landing of a fleet in Italy in 1434 and the birth of the Renaissance goes a bit too far.
And, for me, there is always that nagging fact that the Chinese did little with their great discoveries. The Chinese are surely to be admired but, isolated and homogeneous, they were content to keep the outside world at bay. In the simmering West, however, these ideas boiled over into the creation of the modern world. Does it matter that the Chinese invented paper and block printing centuries before these things appeared in the West? Granted, it's interesting. However, it was Gutenberg's work that exploded the production of books that changed the world. (And Gutenberg's work of over two years to perfect his process seems to indicate that he didn't copy directly from anyone.)
Anyone who knows me knows the admiration I have for the Chinese. And I think it's great to have someone out there like Mr. Menzies, putting Chinese discoveries in the limelight and trying to find connections between East and West. But I take a more balanced view of the historical development of the topics Mr. Menzies discusses. I don't think it's necessary that he take a more balanced approach, but I do think it's necessary for him to make a better argument, write a better book.
- Reviewed by customer ID: AITIU2DG1MM4A
• Very Disappointing 10 August, 2008
His earlier book, 1421, was very good but this one falls very short of the mark. Mostly, it's about navagation and mathematics--pretty dull stuff. The basic thesis is: the Chinese has major fleets that sailed to Venice(and elsewhere) early in the 15th Century, and in doing so they conveyed aspects of their more developed technologies which, in turn gave a jump-start to the Italian Renassance.
While the theory is plausable, the book is just badly written. It's more about navagation technology and mathematics than the thesis itself. (I think a "professional" historian would have done a better presentation).
Most of the nay-sayers seem to be basing their criticism on their own assumption that the thesis is absurd; they assume that the Chinese did not travel the distances described. Personally, I think his earlier book, 1421, did a good job showing that they did. (And I have seen others support this theory as well). Read is first book; it's MUCH better. This one is a disappointment.
Not recommended.
- Reviewed by customer ID: A3NL1KW56O3JR8
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